What is the name of the negatively charged subatomic particle that orbits the nucleus?

The negatively charged subatomic particle that orbits the nucleus is called an electron. Electrons are fundamental components of atoms, and their negative charge is balanced by the positive charge of protons, which reside in the nucleus. The presence of electrons in different energy levels or shells around the nucleus determines the chemical properties of an element, as they are involved in chemical bonding and reactions. Understanding the role of electrons is crucial in fields such as chemistry and physics, as their behavior affects the formation of molecules and compounds.

Other subatomic particles mentioned, such as protons and neutrons, are located within the nucleus; protons have a positive charge, while neutrons are neutral, carrying no charge. An ion, while relevant in discussions about charged particles, refers specifically to an atom or molecule that has lost or gained one or more electrons, resulting in an overall charge. Therefore, the correct identification of the particle specifically orbiting the nucleus and carrying a negative charge is the electron.